Literary criticism

Literature represents a language or a people: culture and tradition. But, literature is more important than just a historical or cultural writing. Literature introduces us to new worlds of experience. We learn from books and literature; we enjoy the triumphs and the tragedies of poems, stories, and plays; and we may even grow through our literary journey with books. In conclusion, we may discover meaning in literature by looking at what the author says and how he/she says it. We may interpret the author's message. However we interpret literature, there is still an artistic quality to the works.Literature is important to us because it speaks to us, it is both universal and individual, and in many ways it affects us, for the better. When some people think of the word â€Å"Literature† they think of books like, Walden, Old man and the Sea, Tom Sawyer, Great Expectations, or Moby Dick. These are what some call â€Å"the classics. † While these few books are indeed literatur e do we subconsciously judge other books based on the styling’s of these few? People believe that the true meaning of â€Å"Literature,† is a literary work in which the readers mind is opened to new concepts and ideals.For a writing to be called â€Å"Literature† it doesn’t have to be considered a â€Å"Classic† nor does it need to follow the same construct as these so called â€Å"Classics†. The book, 11/23/63, is much more of a form of â€Å"Literature† than A Tale of Two Cities. Based solely on the fact that in the Stephen King novel, he places the thought of, â€Å"What if? † into your mind.. Whereas, â€Å"A Tale of Two Cities†, depicts the plight of the French peasantry in the years leading up to the revolution, as opposed to opening your mind. While A Tale of Two Cities, shows you what life was like in those times.Stephen King shows you an alternate universe in which there was but one change, and how that one chan ge affects how history takes its course. When the author helps your mind, explore worlds of endless possibility, or sheds light on a new way to perceive things. That is when the author has created a â€Å"True† work of literary merit. The thing about the term, â€Å"Literature†, is that it doesn’t have just one meaning. Literature is comprised of many things, but while Webster definition of â€Å"Literature† is, â€Å"the production of literary work especially as an occupation.† The â€Å"True† meaning is open to interpretation, meaning that one person’s definition of the word may be completely different than another person’s definition. This is both the great and horrid thing about the term. When scholars classify writing as literature, they often consider it a book or writing that has stood the test of time and despite its age it has surpassed many other great works through history by receiving merit from the scholars, based on their description of the word, influential.You may agree that it should be considered a piece of â€Å"Literature†, if it has done this, and you would be right, but what if it was a great piece of literary art that didn’t become a best seller? And thus was cast into the abyss to be forgotten until stumbled across one day by a mind ready to take in what the author wanted to say. Would you consider it â€Å"Literature? † Or would you just leave it in the abyss because it never became a best seller? Take Moby Dick for example, it is considered to be one of the Great American Novels and a treasure of world literature. However, it never received enough credit to title it a â€Å"Best seller.† One literary work, also helps define my idea of the word Literature, is The Hobbit by J. R. R Tolkien. The reason I consider this a piece of â€Å"Literature† is because of the amount of imagery Tolkien uses to bring his world to life in the imagination of the r eader. In this excerpt from that book, he describes every thought of the characters and his use of imagery helps create the scene in the mind of the reader. â€Å"The dark came into the room from the little window that opened in the side of The Hill; the firelight flickered-it was April-and still they played on, while the shadow of Gandalf’s beard wagged against the wall.The dark filled all the room, and the fire died down, and the shadows were lost, and still they played on. And suddenly first one and then another began to sing as they played, deep-throated singing of the dwarves in the deep places of their ancient homes; and this is like a fragment of their song, if it can be like their song without their music. † (The Hobbit, Page 15) Tolkien’s powerful use of imagery in that passage painted a clear picture of what happens while the dwarves sing. However, Splatterpunk also uses powerful imagery to paint pictures.The key difference between the imagery used Spl atterpunk and the imagery used in The Hobbit, is how the imagery is used. In the novel, The Cipher, which combined intensely poetic language and lavish grotesqueries, the author, uses imagery to place the pictures into the mind of the reader using powerful and descriptive words. As opposed to Tolkien, who draws upon the reader’s imagination with basic descriptions to help create a sketch in his mind. Now, many would not consider this a form of â€Å"Literature† due to the lack of personal connection between the story and the reader.However, I consider this book, and even this passage alone, to be a form of â€Å"Literature† solely because it opens my mind to a new world full of adventure and intrigue, while keeping the reader glued to the book during the time he reads. Imagery is a powerful tool for both the author and the reader, for if the author isn’t clear with his use of imagery it breaks the reader’s attention and allows him to be lost within the story, and not in a good way. Tolkien also uses diction to place an image into the readers mind, and he does this in such a way the reader begins to sing the song in his own head.Far over the misty mountains cold To dungeons deep and caverns old We must away, ere break of day, To claim our long-forgotten gold. Goblets they carved there for themselves And harps of gold; where no man delves There lay they long, and many a song Was sung unheard by men or elves. The pines were roaring on the height, The winds were moaning in the night. The fire was red, it flaming spread; The trees like torches blazed with light (The Hobbit, Page 16) Literature is important to us because it speaks to us, it is both universal and individual, and in many ways it affects us, for the better.In ways we sometimes may never understand. Ultimately, we may discover meaning in literature by looking at what the author says and how he/she says it. We may interpret the author's message in one way, while someone else finds the message a different way. In this way we see how the definition of â€Å"Literature,† is subjective to both the readers own interpretation, and the overall meaning of the work. Because even when it is ugly, literature is beautiful. Sources Cited Tolkien, John R. R. The Hobbit. N. p. : George Allen & Unwin, 1937. 15. Web.

Arthur Andersen’s Legal Ethical Issues

Describe the legal and ethical issues surrounding Andersen’s auditing of companies accused of accounting improprieties The largest bankruptcy of a non-profit organization,the investors of Baptist Foundation of Arizona sued Andersen which served as the auditor for $217 million for issuing false and misleading approvals of BFA financial statements and also lost $570 million donor funds. BFA management allegedly took money from other investors to pay off the current investors which the court held that there is a Ponzi scheme going on.Here, the auditors of Arthur Andersen has clearly compromising their integrity and honesty by issuing a false information to the public. The next company up in the sacks is Sunbeam whereby Arthur Andersen audits failed to address serious accounting errors while they issued an unqualified opinion. Losses to the shareholders amounting to well over $4. 4 billion and 1,700 people was jobless. Andersen paid $110 million out of an approved $141 million for the settlement of the case which they resolve the claims without admitting fault or liability.Andersen was also named in the case of Waste Management where they could earn additional fees in some â€Å"special work† which in this case overstating nearly $1. 4 billion earnings. At first, Andersen identified those improper accounting practices and presented them but both Waste Management and Andersen went into a closed-door engagement with Andersen to write off those accumulated errors. Here there is a Self-Interest threat.In the case of Enron, Andersen admitted that they had destroyed a number documents concerning its audit on Enron which had filed bankruptcy in late 2001. The destroyed documents had led to an indictment for obstruction of justice on March 14, 2004. Further scandals surfaced and this time is WorldCom where they blame Andersen for failing to find the accounting irregularities however Andersen blame for the scandal insisting that the expense irregularities had not been disclosed to them and it had complied SEC standards in its auditing for WorldCom

Operations Management wk1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Operations Management wk1 - Essay Example A poor operations management can always result in poor quality of the final products. Q.1 (b) Specialization in production activity is the basic strategy to be established. That is when a product like vehicles are produced every person or group must be specialized in performing certain activities. A particular group must be assigned the duty of production of Chassis, another group or individual must be specialized in electric works, etc. Similarly, after each and every activity it must be checked for perfection. That is the any component of the vehicle should be transferred to the next section only after detailed examination. Q.2 One of the major strategies that made Coca Cola to gain competitive advantage is its branding strategy. Coca Cola popularized its brand image through different advertising modes. They also opened food houses. â€Å"Some of Coca-Cola’s latest domestic marketing strategies include Coke dominating fountain sales.† (Coca Cola Marketing strategy, 2008). Excessive consumer oriented approach is what made Pepsi to be obtain competitive advantage. It even reduced prices of the product during great depression in order to make it available to the consumers. Later on it popularized the brand as a new generation drink. The strategies of both companies were good as both resulted in gaining market advantage through different methods. The three factors that have resulted in the success are better knowledge of the market, strong brand building strategy and uniqueness in the product. Similar strategy adopted by Apple and Dell would also work as consumers are always impressed by extr emely popularized and branded products. Both are retail stores that sell goods to the final consumers. Operation optimization is not possible in the case of Mom and Pop Stores. Goods are not purchased directly from the manufacturers in the case of Mom and Pop Stores. Staff motivation is very high in case of Wal-Mart but it is absolutely

Adventures in New Zealand Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Adventures in New Zealand - Essay Example Maori were tribal societies (iwi) ruled by chiefly rulers who were thought to be descendants of gods. The European and the western influence first injected into their society in 1642. Briton James Cook, a British explorer established harmonious relation with them. By the 1800s emerging concept of colonization made frequent visits of European ships into New Zealand. Severe permeation of the Europeans resulted in the alteration of the Maori culture and reduction in their population followed by conflicts and turmoil. British rule in New Zealand was established by signing the treaty of Waitangi between the Maori representatives and the British. The treaty granted British citizenship to the Maori and recognized their land rights (Gream 1999). In his famous book Adventure in New Zealand  Jerningham elucidated his experience of the expeditions encountered by him in New Zealand and also his interaction with the Maori tribe. First, I am going to focus upon a part of the book in this paper w here Jermingham set out for the purchase of the Port Nicholson in New Zealand. I will also bring into focus his interaction with the Maori. Secondly, I will depict the author’s viewpoint about the Maori and the contrast between Europeans and the Maori. Biography of Edward Jerningham Wakefield A literary maestro and highly intellectual British politician, Edward Jerningham Wakefield (1820-1879), son of the colonist Edward Gibbon Wakefield spent his early childhood in England serving as an agent and explorer for his father’s chief colonial enterprise, the New Zealand Company, which was involved in land settlement deals. In August 1839 he arrived in New Zealand and engaged himself in the works of land purchasing expeditions. His explorations were mainly concentrated in the districts of Wanganui, Upper Rangitikei, Taupo and Nelson. In 1850 he moved to Christchurch in New Zealand and had two stints as a member of parliament and died in 1879. The contemporary period of his l ifetime was generally referred the era of colonization. His father Edward Gibbon Wakefield was known for his significant role in reaping enormous profits through his land settlement enterprise, the New Zealand Company. Jerningham Wakefield was a hardcore proponent of colonization and well known for his colonial explorations in South Australia, Canada and New Zealand. Adventure in New Zealand   The Tory (name of the ship) expedition was led by Edward senior’s brother, Colonel William Wakefield and his son Edward Jerningham Wakefield who was then 19 years old. Jerningham was the secretary of his uncle and was vested with the responsibility of executing various transactions. They planned to purchase Port Nicholson. On September 25th, 1839 the goods intended to be presented were arranged in the deck of Tori where hundreds of natives were present. Although the natives conversed among themselves, they did not hinder the process of transaction. But when they filled up a good deal of room on the deck which was wanted in order to segregate things Jerningham’s uncle wanted an explanation from chief Warepori and told him to guide them towards the shore. On 26th September when all the articles were selected and arranged message was sent to the shore addressing the chiefs. The chiefs came and carefully examined the quality and quantity of the articles. However they were very much embarrassed seeing the distribution of the goods among the six minor tribes. In order to have a strict vigilance on the transaction process Colonel Wakefield sent a young native missionary teacher. But it was found that he was himself attracted towards the presents and tried to appropriate them for himself rather than authorizing and influencing the local chiefs. Colonel Wakefield allotted ample presents for the

Paper on International Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Paper on International Economics - Essay Example Protectionism, in other words, has survived globalisation and in that survival is both a testimony and concession to the fact that, beyond the globalisation-rhetoric, the state has retained its role as a significant economic player. There is no doubt that globalisation has reduced the role of the state in the economy but, there is equally no doubt that protectionism has survived globalisation and remains one of the more significant of the state's instruments for ensuring the welfare of its domestic market. Following a definition of protectionism and an examination of its pre- and post-globalisation forms and mechanisms, this paper shall argue that despite arguments to the contrary, protectionism often serves fundamental and constructive economic purposes. In general, it is possible to define protectionism as strategies used by a national economy to protect its own goods, industries and businesses from unfair competition or, in some instances, from competition per se. Often criticized by economist and free-trade proponents such as Adam Smith among others, protectionism is not only a logically valid strategy for the protection of domestic economies from such unfair economic competition as could have adverse effects upon infant industries and domestic producers and manufacturers, but it often imposes itself upon decision-makers as the only viable mechanism for the fulfilment of the aforementioned. Indeed, as important as it may be for Lesser Developing and Developing nations, protectionism is as important for Industrialised economies. As Schwartz (2000) succinctly explains, protectionism traditionally functions to protect national economies from all of the virtual destruction of domestic industries, unemployment and inflation (Schwartz, 2000). It does so through the utilisation of a wide array of strategies, ranging from implementation of prohibitions against the entry of certain imports into the domestic economy to the imposition of heavy customs, tariffs and taxes upon specified imports in order to ensure that, upon entry into the domestic market, domestic goods retain a price-competitive edge (Schwartz, 2000). Proceeding from the information presented in the preceding paragraph, it is possible to articulate a definition for protectionism. In brief, protectionism can be defined as a

Memorandum Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Memorandum - Term Paper Example However, due to previous conflicts with her husband, based on domestic abuse, she had to face infliction by Cranston who was her neighbor in Youngsville, wherein Cranston was reported to have an illegitimate claim on the property. As a consequence, the continuous disruptive behavior of Cranston had severely impacted the psychological condition of Walsh causing her emotional distress. In relation to the provisions included under the Public Law, it can be stated that Walsh has a claim against Cranston due to his behavior of intentional infliction, which led her to suffer severe emotional depression. In this case, the continuous emotional distress intentionally caused by Cranston can also be treated as an offense, affecting psychological well-being of Walsh. BRIEF ANSWER TO THE CONCLUSION In relation to the case scenario, the conduct of intentional infliction by Cranston applying various means can be recognized to be guided by the purpose of forcing Walsh to leave the Youngsville commun ity and the property. The case records also reveal that the intentional behavior of Cranston was influenced due to the previous records of Walsh concerning the conflicts with her husband. ... The continuous intentional pressure imposed on Walsh by Cranston, to leave the residing place finally made Walsh to face severe psychological depression. Moreover, using PYR's "official" eviction notices can also be considered as the violation of public law by Cranston, which in turn also calls for an investigation to the justness of his claims as per the relevant statutes of property law. Further investigations of the justness of corporate claims brought by Cranston using the official eviction letter from PYR, it can be justified whether the claimant can force any individual to leave any residing place. In this context, Cranston should procure adequate evidence regarding the illegal residing process of Walsh in that particular community. Additionally, Cranston must need to bear adequate formalities, if he desires to prosecute any legal case against Walsh. In this regard, Walsh can also raise major legal actions against Cranston due to his continuous conduct of intentional infliction practices in order to force her to leave Youngsville. Subsequently, she can adopt adequate legal measures on the grounds of intentional infliction conducted by Cranston, causing her psychological depression and nervous wreck. STATEMENT OF FACTS With regard to the background of the case, the major purpose of Cranston was to form Youngsville community, primarily with retired persons. In order to accomplish the goal of establishing Youngsville community for the retired persons, Cranston has been identified to send â€Å"eviction notice† to the families having minor children, who were residing within the particular community. However, it has been

Cultural film analysis Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Cultural film analysis - Movie Review Example lls on the early years of culture and education leading to establishment of parochial, monastic and cathedral schools as well as universities of the Middle Ages (Daniel-Rops 5). In the movie, Johanna was the third child of a village priest and a converted heathen wife. The opening scene immediately showed anti-feminist bias, as the father angrily refused herbal medicine to alleviate his wife’s birth pains due to his belief that â€Å"in sorrow, thou (woman) shall give birth.† As she grew up, Johanna was not allowed education since only boys were taught reading and writing. Through self-learning, however, the intellectually gifted Johanna not only showed skill in reading and writing, but in interpreting Latin Bible verses as well. Catching her reading a Greek manuscript, Johanna’s father meted her a brutal lashing, even as he had once grossly raped his wife for teaching Johanna some heathen methods of natural healing. Upon recommendation of an admiring traveling schoolmaster, Johanna gained unprecedented admission to study in the bishop’s schoolhouse for boys. Gerald, a knight in the bishop’s court, provided her a home until she grew to maidenhood, resulting in the jealous wife of Gerald arranging Johanna’s betrothal to a young man against her will. The wedding was cut short by an attack by Norsemen bandits. Historical research shows that the event is reasonable, since there are historical accounts of pagan Norsemen pillaging territories in Frankish empire to add to the disorder of the times (Boak, Slosson and Anderson 180-181). Johanna escaped death by the plundering Norsemen, although she had to disguise herself as a man in order to gain entry in a monastery. As a monk, she saved villagers from an epidemic but had to again escape to avoid disclosure of her disguise by fellow monks. She was cared for by villagers, but not wanting to be tied down to a village life, Johanna to ok a pilgrimage to Rome again disguised as a man. In Rome